COP 30.5: Who Pays for Climate Risk? Pricing, Insurance and Adaptation Capital: BI Replay

Climate losses have reached $20 trillion since 2000, including $1.4 trillion in 2025 alone — a scale that is forcing markets to reassess who pays for resilience. This panel brings together leaders from insurance, fixed income and development finance to examine how climate risk is being priced, transferred and financed across markets — from sovereign debt and municipal bonds to catastrophe insurance, resilience infrastructure and emerging adaptation-linked instruments. We will explore whether adaptation can evolve into a scalable asset class, how blended finance structures can mobilize institutional capital, and who ultimately bears the growing cost of climate damage.