{"id":137965,"date":"2026-03-16T10:59:34","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T14:59:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/professional.content.cirrus.bloomberg.com\/professional2023\/insights\/regulation\/how-to-build-smarter-lexicon-searches\/"},"modified":"2026-03-20T12:05:10","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T16:05:10","slug":"how-to-build-smarter-lexicon-searches","status":"publish","type":[3762],"link":"https:\/\/professional.content.cirrus.bloomberg.com\/professional2023\/insights\/regulation\/how-to-build-smarter-lexicon-searches\/","title":{"rendered":"How to build smarter lexicons"},"content":{"rendered":"<div  class=\"bbg-row-container\">\n    <section class=\"bbg-row  text--black row-padding--top-compact row-padding--bottom-none bbg-row--full-bg-bleed\" data-anchor='row-69dfc4d8b7942'>\n        \n        \n        <div\n            class=\"bbg-row--content\"\n                    >\n            \n            <p><div\n    class=\"bbg-column bbg-column--width-7\"\n    style=\"\"\n    >\n    <p><div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer bbg-spacer--lg\"\n    >\n<\/div><div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<p class=\"small\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: #0062dd;\">ARTICLE<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer bbg-spacer--sm\"\n    >\n<\/div>    <h1 class=\"bbg-metadata bbg-metadata--title\">How to build smarter lexicons<\/h1>\n<div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer\"\n        style=\"height: 50px !important\"\n    >\n<\/div>    <ul class=\"bbg-categories_list\">\n                    <li>\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/professional.content.cirrus.bloomberg.com\/professional2023\/insights\/category\/regulation\/\" rel=\"category tag\">\n                    Regulation\n                <\/a>\n            <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/professional.content.cirrus.bloomberg.com\/professional2023\/insights\/category\/risk\/\" rel=\"category tag\">\n                    Risk\n                <\/a>\n            <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/professional.content.cirrus.bloomberg.com\/professional2023\/insights\/category\/technology\/\" rel=\"category tag\">\n                    Technology\n                <\/a>\n            <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n<\/p>\n\n<\/div><div\n    class=\"bbg-column bbg-column--width-5\"\n    style=\"\"\n    >\n    <div id=\"\" class=\"wpb_content_element bbg-single-image align-left\">\n    <figure class=\"bbg-single-image__figure\" style=\"max-width:100%\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1100\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.bbhub.io\/image\/v1\/resize?width=auto&amp;type=webp&amp;url=https:\/\/assets.bbhub.io\/professional\/sites\/10\/323201603_1-5-1.jpg\" class=\"bbg-single-image__image attachment-full\" alt=\"Stock price information is reflected in a glass panel\" title=\"Opening Of Sberbank Of Russia PJSC Stock Trading Center\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.bbhub.io\/image\/v1\/resize?width=auto&amp;type=webp&amp;url=https:\/\/assets.bbhub.io\/professional\/sites\/10\/323201603_1-5-1.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/assets.bbhub.io\/image\/v1\/resize?width=auto&amp;type=webp&amp;url=https:\/\/assets.bbhub.io\/professional\/sites\/10\/323201603_1-5-1.jpg 552w, https:\/\/assets.bbhub.io\/image\/v1\/resize?width=auto&amp;type=webp&amp;url=https:\/\/assets.bbhub.io\/professional\/sites\/10\/323201603_1-5-1.jpg 768w, https:\/\/assets.bbhub.io\/image\/v1\/resize?width=auto&amp;type=webp&amp;url=https:\/\/assets.bbhub.io\/professional\/sites\/10\/323201603_1-5-1.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/>\n        \n            <\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n<div  class=\"bbg-row-container\">\n    <section class=\"bbg-row  text--black row-padding--top-none row-padding--bottom-none bbg-row--full-bg-bleed\" data-anchor='row-69dfc4d8c34ae'>\n        \n        \n        <div\n            class=\"bbg-row--content\"\n                    >\n            \n            <p><div\n    class=\"bbg-column bbg-column--width-2\"\n    style=\"\"\n    >\n    \n<\/div><div\n    class=\"bbg-column bbg-column--width-6 bbg-column--m-width-6\"\n    style=\"\"\n    >\n    <p>    <p class=\"bbg-metadata bbg-metadata--date\">March 16, 2026<\/p>\n<div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<p><strong>Bloomberg Professional Services<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><div\n    class=\"bbg-column bbg-column--width-2 bbg-column--valign-middle bbg-column--m-width-2 bbg-column--s-padding-right-2\"\n    style=\"\"\n    >\n    <div class=\"bb-tts\"\n\tdata-selector=\"main\"\n\tdata-label=\"Speak this page\"\n\tdata-custom-play=\"Play\"\n\tdata-custom-pause=\"Pause\"\n\tdata-custom-stop=\"Stop\"\n\tdata-overlay=\"false\"\n\tdata-invert=\"false\"\n\tdata-no-time=\"false\"\n\tdata-no-button-text=\"false\"\n\tdata-one-button=\"true\"\n\tdata-one-style=\"true\"\n\tdata-hide-stop=\"true\"\n\tdata-voice=\"Gordon\"\n\tdata-pitch=\"1\"\n\tdata-speed=\"1\"\n\tdata-align=\"flex-start\"\n>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div><div\n    class=\"bbg-column bbg-column--width-2\"\n    style=\"\"\n    >\n    \n<\/div>\n\n\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n<div  class=\"bbg-row-container\">\n    <section class=\"bbg-row  text--black row-padding--top-compact row-padding--bottom-compact bbg-row--full-bg-bleed\" data-anchor='row-69dfc4d8c6647'>\n        \n        \n        <div\n            class=\"bbg-row--content\"\n                    >\n            \n            <p><div\n    class=\"bbg-column bbg-column--width-2\"\n    style=\"\"\n    >\n    \n<\/div><div\n    class=\"bbg-column bbg-column--width-8\"\n    style=\"\"\n    >\n    <div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<div class=\"BlockStoryStructure BlockStory Stack Stack--align-stretch Stack--direction-row Stack--display-block Stack--justify-start HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\">\n<div class=\"BlockStoryStructure-block\">\n<div class=\"BlockStoryStructure-body\">\n<div class=\"TruncatedRichText\" role=\"presentation\">\n<div class=\"RichText3 TruncatedRichText-richText\">\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\">\n<p><em>This article was written by Eugene Semetsky and Polly Abreu, product managers at Bloomberg Vault.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Designing effective lexicons is a critical component of any communications surveillance program, yet even mature teams encounter avoidable pitfalls that diminish accuracy, create operational strain, and weaken explainability.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n<div  class=\"bbg-row-container\">\n    <section class=\"bbg-row  text--black row-padding--top-none row-padding--bottom-none bbg-row--full-bg-bleed\" data-anchor='row-69dfc4d8c8577'>\n        \n        \n        <div\n            class=\"bbg-row--content\"\n                    >\n            \n            <p><div\n    class=\"bbg-column bbg-column--width-3\"\n    style=\"\"\n    >\n    <p><div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer bbg-spacer--sm\"\n    >\n<\/div><hr class=\"bbg-separator bbg-separator-1\" style=\"height:1px;\" \/>\n<div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer\"\n        style=\"height: 32px !important\"\n    >\n<\/div><div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<p class=\"small\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1px;\">PRODUCT MENTIONS<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer bbg-spacer--sm\"\n    >\n<\/div>\n<div\n  id=\"cta_2673966989353786918\"\n  class=\"wpb_content_element bbg-cta no-icon\">\n  <style>\n    \n    \n    \n  <\/style>\n  <div\n    class=\"bbg-cta-link link-holder\"\n    data-links-type=\"cta-links\">\n    <p class=\"bbg-cta-p left\">\n      <a\n        class=\"bbg-cta-link link\"\n        href=\"https:\/\/professional.bloomberg.com\/products\/compliance\/vault\/\"\n        target=\"\"\n        rel=\"\"\n        data-section-name=\"Bloomberg Vault\"\n        >\n                      Bloomberg Vault\n                <\/a>\n    <\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer bbg-spacer--sm\"\n    >\n<\/div><div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer\"\n        style=\"height: 32px !important\"\n    >\n<\/div><hr class=\"bbg-separator bbg-separator-1\" style=\"height:1px;\" \/>\n<\/p>\n\n<\/div><div\n    class=\"bbg-column bbg-column--width-1\"\n    style=\"\"\n    >\n    \n<\/div><div\n    class=\"bbg-column bbg-column--width-6\"\n    style=\"\"\n    >\n    <div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<p>As regulatory expectations rise and communication channels diversify, firms must balance breadth, precision, and efficiency in how they detect risk signals. This article outlines common challenges observed across the industry and provides practical guidance for building more resilient searches that strengthen detection while preserving operational effectiveness.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div><div\n    class=\"bbg-column bbg-column--width-2\"\n    style=\"\"\n    >\n    \n<\/div>\n\n\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n<div  class=\"bbg-row-container\">\n    <section class=\"bbg-row  text--black row-padding--top-none row-padding--bottom-none bbg-row--margin-top-compact bbg-row--margin-bottom-compact bbg-row--full-bg-bleed\" data-anchor='row-69dfc4d8cc387'>\n        \n        \n        <div\n            class=\"bbg-row--content\"\n                    >\n            \n            <div\n    class=\"bbg-column\"\n    style=\"\"\n    >\n    <div class=\"bbg-interstitial\" aria-label=\"interstitial\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t<style>\n\t\t.bbg-interstitial #card_1.bbg-card_hasCta{\n\t\t\tbackground: url(https:\/\/assets.bbhub.io\/image\/v1\/resize?width=auto&amp;type=webp&amp;url=https:\/\/assets.bbhub.io\/professional\/sites\/41\/Interstitial_bg.png);\n\t\t\t\tbackground-repeat: no-repeat;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-position: center center;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-size: cover;\n\t\t\tpadding: 104px;\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t}\n\t\t.bbg-interstitial #card_1.bbg-card_hasCta .bbg-card__content, .bbg-interstitial #card_1.bbg-card_hasCta .bbg-card__content p{\n\t\t\tcolor:white;\n\t\t}\n\t\t@media (max-width: 768px) {\n\t\t\t.bbg-interstitial #card_1.bbg-card_hasCta{\n\t\t\t\tpadding: 80px 32px;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t\t@media (max-width: 480px) {\n\t\t\t.bbg-interstitial #card_1.bbg-card_hasCta{\n\t\t\t\tpadding: 80px 18px;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t}\n\t<\/style>\n\t<div class=\"wpb_content_element bbg-card  bbg-card-dark bbg-card_hasCta has_interstitial\" id=\"card_1\" data-card_type=\"no_image\">\n  \n  \n  <div class=\"bbg-card__innerwrapper\">\n    <div class=\"bbg-card__content\">\n      \n      \n                      <h3 class=\"bbg-card__title\">Explore the latest regulatory insights with our outlooks, webinars, research and analysis.<\/h3>\n      \n              <div class=\"bbg-card__wysiwyg bb-wysiwyg\"><p>Sign up<\/p>\n<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n\n          \n<div\n  id=\"cta_783953468594250762\"\n  class=\"wpb_content_element bbg-cta icon icon-arrow\">\n  <style>\n    \n    \n    \n  <\/style>\n  <div\n    class=\"bbg-cta-link link-holder\"\n    data-links-type=\"cta-links\">\n    <p class=\"bbg-cta-p right\">\n      <a\n        class=\"bbg-cta-link link interstitial_cta\"\n        href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/professional\/insights\/regulation\/regulatory-insights\/\"\n        target=\"\"\n        rel=\"\"\n        data-section-name=\"\"\n                role=\"button\"\n        aria-label=\"Learn more\"\n        >\n                <\/a>\n    <\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n<div  class=\"bbg-row-container\">\n    <section class=\"bbg-row  text--black row-padding--top-compact row-padding--bottom-none bbg-row--full-bg-bleed\" data-anchor='row-69dfc4d8d1987'>\n        \n        \n        <div\n            class=\"bbg-row--content\"\n                    >\n            \n            <p><div\n    class=\"bbg-column bbg-column--width-2\"\n    style=\"\"\n    >\n    \n<\/div><div\n    class=\"bbg-column bbg-column--width-8\"\n    style=\"\"\n    >\n    <p><div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<p>This second article in our four-part series on lexicon-based surveillance focuses on how to design smarter, more resilient lexicon searches that improve precision, reduce noise, and enhance explainability.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/professional\/insights\/regulation\/building-an-effective-surveillance-lexicon-policy\/\">Part one<\/a> explored how to build a robust lexicon policy framework. Part three examines the lexicon calibration process, and part four explores how AI-enabled methods can augment lexicon-based approaches to strengthen surveillance outcomes.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer bbg-spacer--sm\"\n    >\n<\/div><div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<h2>Common lexicon pitfalls<\/h2>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<p>This section explores how compliance teams can design more effective, explainable lexicon searches by avoiding common pitfalls.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer bbg-spacer--sm\"\n    >\n<\/div><div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<h3>Starting with overly broad coverage<\/h3>\n<p>Rolling out lexicons with overly broad coverage can overwhelm reviewers with false positives, reducing effectiveness and creating operational strain. Regulators may also view any later narrowing of scope unfavorably unless there is clear, well-documented justification for why certain lexicon terms are no longer required; high alert volume, on its own, is not a defensible reason for reducing coverage. A more sustainable approach is to start small, iterate, and scale gradually, allowing each phase to be rolled out, assessed for impact, and refined before additional terms or phrases are introduced.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Remedy:<\/strong> Consider starting with targeted rules, validating performance and expanding coverage in stages.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer bbg-spacer--sm\"\n    >\n<\/div><div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<h3>Overly general searches<\/h3>\n<p>Overly broad searches can generate excessive alerts and dilute effectiveness. For instance, including a standalone rule for \u201cquid pro quo\u201d without contextual filters can lead to a high volume of false positives, as the phrase often appears in benign contexts unrelated to misconduct.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Remedy<\/strong>: Consider adding proximity and contextual filters to narrow results to relevant scenarios.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example \u2013 \u201cBook Scrubbing\u201d and Wash Language <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cLet\u2019s scrub the books before end-of-month reporting.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cWe need to clean our book before compliance sees it.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><strong>1. Basic keyword pattern<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><code>{clean OR scrub}<\/code><\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\">\u2193<\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><strong>2. Contextual proximity <\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\">\n<p><code>{clean OR scrub} &lt;within 3 words of&gt; {book* OR blotter OR \"balance sheet\"}<\/code><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<p>The basic keyword pattern would capture all instances of \u201cclean\u201d or \u201cscrub,\u201d resulting in high alert volumes and false positives.<\/p>\n<p>Introducing contextual proximity can significantly reduce unrelated false positives, but it can also make the search too narrow, potentially missing relevant variations or slang expressions.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer bbg-spacer--sm\"\n    >\n<\/div><div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Overly narrow searches<\/h3>\n<p>Overly narrow searches risk missing variations in phrasing or intent. Focusing on a single expression or word may fail to capture the broader behavior you want to detect.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Remedy:<\/strong> Consider inclusive searches that incorporate proximity logic, synonyms, and common variants.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s continue with our \u201cBook Scrubbing\u201d example:<\/p>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><strong>1. Contextual proximity<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><code>{clean OR scrub} &lt;within 3 tokens of&gt; {book* OR blotter OR \"balance sheet\"}<\/code><\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\">\u2193<\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><strong>2. Inclusive searches, proximity logic, and synonyms <\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\">\n<p><code>{clean OR scrub OR rinse OR polish OR tidy OR sanitize OR fluff} &lt;within 3 tokens of&gt; {book* OR bk OR buks OR blott* OR \"balance sheet\" OR sheet* OR pnl}<\/code><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<p>This pattern captures intent even when slang, abbreviations, or spelling variations appear, while narrowing the focus to contexts that are truly relevant to potential misconduct.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer bbg-spacer--sm\"\n    >\n<\/div><div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<h3>Overlooking emojis and non-text signals<\/h3>\n<p>Digital communication has evolved beyond words and often includes emojis as shorthand for sentiment, intent, or coded meaning, particularly in informal channels like chat or mobile messaging. Yet many surveillance programs still do not include emojis in their lexicon searches.<\/p>\n<p>This is a risk because in practice, emojis can convey tone, approval, disapproval, and can even act as substitutes for prohibited language. Emojis can signal tipping, collusion, or emotional states associated with high-risk behavior such as front-running or insider discussions.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--colorDefault TypographyPresentation--h5 TypographyPresentation--fontWeightMedium TypographyPresentation--wrapStylePretty RichText3-header2--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-header2 HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock HighlightSol--core\">Emoji Risk Signals in Communication<\/h3>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"Emoji\" title=\":moneybag:\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNgYAAAAAMAASsJTYQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" alt=\"\ud83d\udcb0\" \/>\ud83d\udcb0 <strong>Money bag \/ \ud83d\udcb5 Dollar bills<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul class=\"RichTextList-bulleted\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Possible interpretation:<\/em> Profit, gain, or payment<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Potential risk signal:<\/em> Discussion of trades, side deals, or compensation<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"Emoji\" title=\":rocket:\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNgYAAAAAMAASsJTYQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" alt=\"\ud83d\ude80\" \/>\ud83d\ude80 <strong>Rocket<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul class=\"RichTextList-bulleted\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Possible interpretation:<\/em> Asset or stock price \u201ctaking off\u201d<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Potential risk signal:<\/em> Euphemism for market movement or inside information<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"Emoji\" title=\":fire:\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNgYAAAAAMAASsJTYQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" alt=\"\ud83d\udd25\" \/>\ud83d\udd25 <strong>Fire<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul class=\"RichTextList-bulleted\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Possible interpretation:<\/em> Something hot, profitable, or exciting<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Potential risk signal:<\/em> Possible tipping, hype, or pump language<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"Emoji\" title=\":shushing_face:\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNgYAAAAAMAASsJTYQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" alt=\"\ud83e\udd2b\" \/>\ud83e\udd2b <strong>Shushing face \/ \ud83e\udd10 Zipper mouth<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul class=\"RichTextList-bulleted\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Possible interpretation:<\/em> Secrecy or \u201cdon\u2019t tell anyone\u201d<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Potential risk signal:<\/em> Potential Material Non-public Information (MNPI) or collusion<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"Emoji\" title=\":handshake:\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNgYAAAAAMAASsJTYQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" alt=\"\ud83e\udd1d\" \/>\ud83e\udd1d <strong>Handshake<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul class=\"RichTextList-bulleted\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Possible interpretation:<\/em> Agreement, deal, or arrangement<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Potential risk signal:<\/em> Possible coordination or improper agreement<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"Emoji\" title=\":champagne:\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNgYAAAAAMAASsJTYQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" alt=\"\ud83c\udf7e\" \/>\ud83c\udf7e\u00a0<strong>Champagne \/ \ud83c\udf89 Party popper<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul class=\"RichTextList-bulleted\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Possible interpretation:<\/em> Celebration after success<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Potential risk signal:<\/em> Gloating after a trade or event outcome<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"Emoji\" title=\":eyes:\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNgYAAAAAMAASsJTYQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" alt=\"\ud83d\udc40\" \/>\ud83d\udc40 <strong>Eyes<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul class=\"RichTextList-bulleted\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Possible interpretation:<\/em> \u201cLook at this\u201d, drawing attention<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Potential risk signal:<\/em> Signal to watch a trade or opportunity<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"Emoji\" title=\":ice_cube:\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNgYAAAAAMAASsJTYQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" alt=\"\ud83e\uddca\" \/>\ud83e\uddca <strong>Ice<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul class=\"RichTextList-bulleted\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Possible interpretation:<\/em> \u201cFreeze\u201d, \u201ccold\u201d, or coded slang<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Potential risk signal:<\/em> Cultural or desk-specific slang requiring SME interpretation<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"Emoji\" title=\":shark:\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNgYAAAAAMAASsJTYQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" alt=\"\ud83e\udd88\" \/>\ud83e\udd88 <strong>Shark<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul class=\"RichTextList-bulleted\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Possible interpretation:<\/em> Aggressive trading or predatory behavior<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Potential risk signal:<\/em> Conduct risk (harassment, intimidation tone)<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"Emoji\" title=\":sleuth_or_spy:\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mNgYAAAAAMAASsJTYQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" alt=\"\ud83d\udd75\ufe0f\" \/>\ud83d\udd75\ufe0f <strong>Detective<\/strong><\/div>\n<ul class=\"RichTextList-bulleted\">\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Possible interpretation:<\/em> Surveillance or secrecy awareness<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"TypographyPresentation TypographyPresentation--medium RichText3-paragraph--withVSpacingNormal RichText3-paragraph HighlightSol HighlightSol--buildingBlock\"><em>Potential risk signal:<\/em> Awareness of monitoring or concealment behavior<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<p><strong>Remedy: <\/strong>Consider incorporating high-risk emojis into lexicon policies where relevant.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example pattern:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>{\ud83d\ude80} &lt;within 5 tokens of&gt; {stock* OR share* OR name OR deal}<\/p>\n<p>This pattern captures emoji references linked to key risk words, helping detect coded or mixed-format communication that plain text searches miss.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer bbg-spacer--sm\"\n    >\n<\/div><div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Global consistency versus local relevance<\/h3>\n<p>Firms have sometimes prioritized global lexicons to strengthen control and explainability. However, applying uniform global rules can dilute sensitivity in specific regions where slang, cultural nuances, or risk exposures differ.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Remedy:<\/strong> Maintain global standards for core risks, such as market abuse and conduct breaches, but allow regional customization to reflect local communication styles, regulatory expectations, and business contexts.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer bbg-spacer--sm\"\n    >\n<\/div><div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<h3>Multilingual and regional nuance<\/h3>\n<p>Firms have historically underestimated how much language and cultural nuance affect risk detection. Direct translation often misses intent; regional phrasing, abbreviations, and tone vary widely. Overlooking these differences can leave blind spots in surveillance coverage.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Remedy<\/strong>: Use a language-risk matrix to allocate effort proportionally across regions and involve regional SMEs, particularly in areas such as bribery and corruption, where local phrasing and context matter most.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer bbg-spacer--sm\"\n    >\n<\/div><div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<h3>Over-reliance on vendor baselines<\/h3>\n<p>Firms have often been inclined to rely too heavily on vendor-provided lexicons, assuming they are comprehensive or regulator-ready. In reality, these lists are designed for general use and rarely reflect a firm\u2019s specific risks, business structure, or communication style.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Remedy:<\/strong> Treat vendor lexicons as a foundation rather than a finished product. Customize, test, and validate rules against your own historical data and risk scenarios before deployment.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n    class=\"bbg-spacer bbg-spacer--sm\"\n    >\n<\/div><div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n<\/div>\n<div\n\tclass=\"bb-wysiwyg\"\n\t\t>\n\t<p>Building smarter searches requires more than adding keywords. It involves carefully calibrating scope, context, proximity, and cultural nuance to ensure lexicons capture true risk while minimizing noise and operational burden. By starting small, refining iteratively, incorporating contextual logic, accounting for emojis and slang, and tailoring searches to regional and business-specific realities, firms can materially improve both coverage and explainability. Ultimately, effective lexicon design is not a one-off exercise but a continuous process of testing, validation, and evolution as communication behaviors and regulatory expectations change.<\/p>\n<p>Revisit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/professional\/insights\/regulation\/building-an-effective-surveillance-lexicon-policy\/\">part one<\/a> for a reminder of the core principles of building a strong lexicon policy framework. If you are ready for the next step, part three looks at the calibration process and how to tune lexicons, so they perform reliably in real-world surveillance environments.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bbg-accordion transparent\">\n\t<input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"bbg-accordion-toggle-69dfc4d8d7611\">\n\t<div class=\"bbg-accordion-parent\" data-accordion-toggle aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t<label class=\"bbg-accordion-label\" for=\"bbg-accordion-toggle-69dfc4d8d7611\">\n\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"bbg-accordion-title\" data-label=\"Disclaimer\">\n\t\tDisclaimer\n\t<\/h5>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"bbg-accordion-content\">\n\t\t<div class=\"bb-wysiwyg\">\n\t<p><em>Disclaimer: The information included in these materials is for illustrative purposes only and does not constitute legal, financial, or professional advice. Readers should not rely on this content as a substitute for advice from qualified legal or compliance professionals. Always consult your own legal and compliance teams before making decisions or taking action based on the information contained herein. The BLOOMBERG TERMINAL service and Bloomberg data products (the \u201cServices\u201d) are owned and distributed by Bloomberg Finance L.P. (\u201cBFLP\u201d) except (i) in Argentina, Australia and certain jurisdictions in the Pacific islands, Bermuda, China, India, Japan, Korea and New Zealand, where Bloomberg L.P. and its subsidiaries (\u201cBLP\u201d) distribute these products, and (ii) in Singapore and the jurisdictions serviced by Bloomberg\u2019s Singapore office, where a subsidiary of BFLP distributes these products. BLP or one of its subsidiaries provides BFLP and its subsidiaries with global marketing and operational support and service. Certain features, functions, products and services are available only to sophisticated investors and only where permitted. 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